Calculate population and sample standard deviation, variance, mean, median, mode, range, and more from your data.
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Standard deviation measures how spread out numbers are from the mean. A low SD means values are clustered near the mean; a high SD means values are spread widely.
Use population SD (σ) when your data is the entire population. Use sample SD (s) when your data is a sample from a larger population (divides by n−1 instead of n — Bessel's correction).
Variance is the square of the standard deviation. It's used extensively in statistics and probability theory.